CALDEIRÃO DE BOLSA

muito provavelmente o maior problema de se abraçar o trading profissional com um capital inferior a 25000 - 30000 contos será o de interromper o processo de capitalização e acumulação de riqueza, pois a partir do momento em que o lucro obtido é desviado para a sobrevivencia diária, só será possivel manter a capitalização com retornos anuais muito elevados.

Caramba, se eu tivesse 100.000 contos estava mais que garantido

Mesmo considerando 500.000 ou mesmo um milhão para investir, penso que trabalhar até aos 35/40 anos é sempre positivo. Pelo menos num bom ambiente de trabalho. Conhecemos pessoas, temos desafios diários diferentes e desenvolvemos novos conhecimentos (isto num emprego como deve de ser, claro).
Para um jovem estar fechado em casa a comprar e vender acções deve ser divertido, mas mais tarde que histórias terá para contar? Que conhecimentos terá para partilhar?

If I Were A Rich Man...
Psychologists show how pursuit of material wealth and pursuit of happiness are not the same.

Findings

We all know the saying that “Money can’t buy happiness.” Recent psychological research has not only shown the truth of this maxim, but has begun to demonstrate that when people organize their lives around the pursuit of wealth, their happiness can actually decrease.

Research on how happiness relates to material wealth by psychologists Edward Diener, Ph.D., and David Myers, Ph.D., clearly documents that people are happier if they live in wealthy rather than poor nations. However, once individuals have enough money to pay for their basic needs of food, shelter, etc., money does relatively little to improve happiness. Further, increases in neither national economic growth nor personal income have much effect on changes in the personal happiness of citizens.

Psychological research goes further than this, however, by showing that people who “buy into” the messages of consumer culture report lower personal well-being. According to research by psychologist Tim Kasser, Ph.D., individuals who say that goals for money, image, and popularity are relatively important to them also report less satisfaction in life, fewer experiences of pleasant emotions, and more depression and anxiety. Similar results have been demonstrated for a variety of age groups and people around the world.

In addition to these problems with personal happiness, research suggests that strivings for affluence also hurt social relationships and promote ecologically-destructive behavior.

Significance

We live in a culture which continually bombards us with advertising messages suggesting that “the good life” is “the goods life.” But such messages bear a false promise, because research shows material wealth will not bring happiness and focusing on materialistic pursuits often diminishes personal well-being. Further, the emphasis that many governments place on increasing economic growth seems ill-advised, given the fact that such materialist pursuits exact enormous ecological costs at the same time that they do little to improve citizens’ happiness.

Practical Application

Some individuals and groups have been working to develop means of measuring national progress which are not based solely on economic growth and the maximization of profit. For example, the government of Bhutan (a country nestled in the eastern Himalayas) has been sponsoring work on measuring “Gross National Happiness” and the U.S.-based organization Redefining Progress has developed a “Genuine Progress Indicator” to account for problematic aspects of economic growth.


Attempts are being made to limit and regulate children’s exposure to the media and advertising. For example, both the American Psychological Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics have made policy statements concerning the problems of marketing and media in youth.


A growing number of individuals have begun to pursue alternative life styles – a movement known as Voluntary Simplicity - which helps them to live outside of the consumer mainstream and pursue healthier values. Many in this movement are trying to maximize their “time affluence” rather than their material affluence, in the recognition that increased free time will bring them greater happiness and meaning in life.
Cited Research

Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2002). Will money increase subjective well-being? Social Indicators Research, Vol. 57, pp. 119-169.

Kasser, T. (2002). The High Price of Materialism. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Myers, D. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American Psychologist, Vol. 55, pp. 56-67.

WHAT MAKES PEOPLE THE HAPPIEST? RESEARCHERS SAY IT'S NOT MONEY OR POPULARITY

Study Finds Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness and Self-Esteem at Top of List of Psychological Needs

Washington - Attaining popularity or influence and money or luxury is not what makes people the happiest and is at the bottom of the list of psychological needs, according to a new study. Topping the list of needs that appear to bring happiness are autonomy (feeling that your activities are self-chosen and self-endorsed), competence (feeling that you are effective in your activities), relatedness (feeling a sense of closeness with others) and self-esteem. The findings appear in the February issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, published by the American Psychological Association (APA).

These findings are important, say the study authors, because once identified, "psychological needs can be targeted to enhance personal thriving, in the same way that the organic needs of plants, once identified, can be targeted to maximize thriving in the plant."

In the study, psychologist Kennon M. Sheldon, Ph.D., of the University of Missouri-Columbia, and co-authors conducted three studies with different groups of college students in the United States to determine which of 10 basic psychological feelings humans find most fundamental. One of the studies included college students from South Korea to see if the results could be replicated in those from a more group- and tradition-centered culture. The first study asked participants to identify what was the single most personally satisfying event they experienced during the last month. The second study asked the same question, but the participants were told to consider just the most satisfying event from the past week. The final study examined the most satisfying event of the semester and also asked participants to describe the most unsatisfying event they experienced during the semester.

The researchers found relatively consistent results across the three different time frames and across the two different cultures, with autonomy, competence, relatedness and self-esteem emerging as the most important psychological needs.

When asked about their most unsatisfying event, the participants' responses revealed that the lack of the top four needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness and self-esteem) were the most important factors. The lack of security also emerged as a fifth prominent feature of unsatisfying events. "It appears that when things go wrong, people may strongly wish for the safety and predictability that they often take for granted," said the authors.

If one were to pick a single need that is most important to satisfy in the United States, the current research suggests it would be self-esteem, which was at the top of the list in all three U.S. samples. Relatedness, however, was at the top of the list within the South Korean sample. The authors say this may be because of the nature of Korean culture, but more research is needed to be sure.

Further research is also needed, say the authors, to find out if the most satisfying needs of the young and relatively affluent participants in the current studies are any different from those of older adults or people from more impoverished areas. If the same findings hold true across all types of people and cultures, that will provide strong evidence for the existence of universal needs which evolved, in part, "to help individuals find conducive social and vocational niches and to motivate them to develop their skills further within those niches," said the researchers.



Article: "What Is Satisfying About Satisfying Events? Testing 10 Candidate Psychological Needs," Kennon M. Sheldon, Ph.D., University of Missouri-Columbia; Andrew J. Elliot, Ph.D., and Youngmee Kim, Ph.D., University of Rochester; and Tim Kasser, Ph.D., Knox College; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 80, No. 2.

Review of Research Challenges Assumption that Success Makes People Happy: Happiness May Lead to Success via Positive Emotions

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Washington — Personal and professional success may lead to happiness but may also engender success. Happy individuals are predisposed to seek out and undertake new goals in life and this reinforces positive emotions, say researchers who examined the connections between desirable characteristics, life successes and well-being of over 275,000 people.

From a review of 225 studies in the current issue of Psychological Bulletin, published by the American Psychological Association (APA), lead author Sonja Lyubomirsky, Ph.D., of the University of California, Riverside found that chronically happy people are in general more successful across many life domains than less happy people and their happiness is in large part a consequence of their positive emotions rather than vice versa. Happy people are more likely to achieve favorable life circumstances, said Dr. Lyubomirsky, and "this may be because happy people frequently experience positive moods and these positive moods prompt them to be more likely to work actively toward new goals and build new resources. When people feel happy, they tend to feel confident, optimistic, and energetic and others find them likable and sociable. Happy people are thus able to benefit from these perceptions.

Lyubomirsky and co-authors Laura King, Ph.D., of University of Missouri, Columbia and Ed Diener, Ph.D., of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and The Gallup Organization examined studies involving three different types of evidence - cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental designs – to determine how happiness and positive affect are related to culturally-valued success.

The authors chose to use these different types of evidence to bolster their confidence in establishing cause-and-effect relationships among happiness, positive affect, and success. Cross-sectional studies compare different groups of people and answer questions like, "Are happy people more successful than unhappy people? and "Does long-term happiness and short term positive affect co-occur with desirable behaviors? Longitudinal studies examine groups of people over a period of time and address questions like, "Does happiness precede success? and "Does positive affect pave the way for success-like behaviors? Finally, experimental studies manipulate variables to test whether an outcome will occur under controlled conditions and answer questions like, "Does positive affect lead to success-oriented behaviors?

The results of all three types of studies suggests that happiness does lead to behaviors that often produce further success in work, relationships and health, and these successes result in part from a person’s positive affect. Furthermore, evidence from the cross-sectional studies confirm that a person’s well-being is associated with positive perceptions of self and others, sociability, creativity, prosocial behavior, a strong immune system, and effective coping skills. The authors also note that happy people are capable of experiencing sadness and negative emotions in response to negative events, which is a healthy and appropriate response.

Much of the previous research on happiness presupposed that happiness followed from success and accomplishments in life, said the authors. "We found that this isn’t always true. Positive affect is one attribute among several that can lead to success-oriented behaviors. Other resources, such as intelligence, family, expertise and physical fitness, can also play a role in people’s successes.

"Our review provides strong support that happiness, in many cases, leads to successful outcomes, rather than merely following from them, said Lyubomirsky, "and happy individuals are more likely than their less happy peers to have fulfilling marriages and relationships, high incomes, superior work performance, community involvement, robust health and even a long life.

Article: "The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success?, Sonja Lyubomirsky, Ph.D., University of California, Riverside; Laura King, Ph.D., University of Missouri, Columbia and Ed Diener, Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and The Gallup Organization; Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 131, No. 6.

EnglishMan Escreveu:
Apenas investir dinheiro que não se precisa.

Portanto para mim não há nada melhor do que ter emprego e investir com dinheiro que não precisamos.

E garanto, tenho mesmo andado a pensar vivar só de bolsa, pouparia gasolina ao não ir para o trabalho, não teria tantas chatices, teria os meus próprios horários, almoçaria em casa, etc, mas confesso que tenho mesmo muito medo, sim medo, não receio, de isto poder correr mal. Até porque começaria com miseros 15k euros e tenho como todos nós contas a pagar.

almoçaria em casa